Izingxenye ezakhiwe zikhiqizwa ngenqubo yokubumba. I-Forging ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukubumba okushisayo nokubandayo. I-Hot Forging yenziwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-metal recrystallization. Ukwandisa i-

izinga lokushisa lingathuthukisa i-plasticity yensimbi, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi ye-workpiece futhi iyenze ibe mancane amathuba okuqhekeka. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu anganciphisa nokumelana ne-deformation

insimbi futhi unciphise amathani emishini yokubumba edingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinqubo eziningi zokubumba ezishisayo, ukunemba kwe-workpiece akukuhle, futhi ingaphezulu alibushelelezi. Izingxenye ezakhiwe ngomphumela ziyathambekela

i-oxidation, i-decarburization kanye nomonakalo ovuthayo.

Cold forging is forging okwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kunokushisa kwe-recrystallization yensimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukubumba okubandayo kubhekisela ekufakeni izinga lokushisa ekamelweni, kuyilapho ukubumba ezingeni lokushisa

ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elivamile kodwa elingeqi izinga lokushisa lecrystallization libizwa ngokuthi i-forging. Okokubumba okufudumele. Ukubumba okufudumele kunokunemba okuphezulu, indawo ebushelelezi kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka okuphansi.

Izingxenye ezifojiwe ezakhiwe ngokusebenza okubandayo endaweni yezinga lokushisa zinokwakheka okuphezulu nokunemba kohlangothi, indawo ebushelelezi, izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokucubungula, futhi zilungele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo. Amakhaza amaningi akhiwe futhi abandayo

izingxenye ezinesitembu zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengezingxenye noma imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesidingo somshini. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokubumba okubandayo, ngenxa yepulasitiki ephansi yensimbi, ukuqhekeka kulula ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kanye

ukumelana ne-deformation kukhulu, kudinga imishini yokwenza amathani amakhulu.

I-Hot Forging isetshenziswa lapho i-workpiece inkulu futhi iminyene, impahla inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-plasticity ephansi. Lapho insimbi ine-plasticity eyanele kanye nenani deformation akuyona enkulu, noma lapho inani lesamba

I-ofdeformation inkulu futhi inqubo yokubumba esetshenziswayo ihambisana nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki yensimbi, ukubumba okushisayo akuvamile ukusetshenziswa, kodwa kusetshenziswa ukubumba okubandayo esikhundleni salokho.

Ukuze uqedele umsebenzi wokubumba omningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekushisiseni okukodwa, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwezinga lokushisa lokuqala lokubumba kanye nezinga lokushisa lokugcina lokubumba le-hot forging kufanele libe likhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokubumba liphezulu kakhulu, lizokwenza ukuthi izinhlamvu zensimbi zikhule zibe zinkulu kakhulu futhi kubangele ukushisa ngokweqile, okuzonciphisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezifojiwe. Amazinga okushisa asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile

kukhona: carbon steel 800 ~ 1250 ℃; ingxubevange yensimbi yesakhiwo 850 ~ 1150 ℃; isivinini esikhulu sensimbi 900 ~ 1100 ℃; evame ukusetshenziswa aluminium ingxubevange 380 ~ 500 ℃; ingxubevange titanium 850 ~ 1000 ℃; ithusi 700 ~ 900 ℃. Lapho izinga lokushisa linjalo

eduze nendawo yokuncibilika kwensimbi, ukuncibilika kwe-intergranular low-melting point kanye ne-intergranular oxidation kuyokwenzeka, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile. Izikhala ezishiswe ngokweqile

kuvame ukuphuka ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa